This tool estimates the required bandwidth of a digital signal based on its data rate, modulation type, and shaping factor. It's useful for digital modes such as PSK, QAM, FSK, and AFSK.

The key steps are:

• Symbol Rate = Data Rate ÷ Bits per Symbol
• Bandwidth ≈ Symbol Rate × Shaping Factor
• Spectral Efficiency = Data Rate ÷ Bandwidth (bps/Hz)

The shaping factor accounts for filtering and spectral roll-off. For raised cosine filtering, common shaping factors range from 1.0 to 1.4.

This calculator helps optimize bandwidth usage and determine whether a mode fits within regulatory or band plan limits.